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Main article: List of Political Ideologies
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Social Liberalism is a variation of liberalism, with its most important characteristics being the inclusion of various civil liberties and human rights as being important, along with its view of the goverment as a positive force which ought to actively improve the life of its citizens by protecting their rights. Espousing progressive social and economic policies, Social Liberals aim to create a society where every individual is free to live his own life with full opportunities regardless of status.

Overview[]

Social Liberalism as a political ideology posits that goverments purpose is helping it's citizens attain the highest possible happiness, because of this the political regime of Social Liberals focuses on protecting liberty and opportunity of it's citizens. However it is different from Market Liberalism in that Social Liberalism emphasizes what it calls "positive liberty", seeking to enhance the "positive freedoms" of the poor and disadvantaged in society by means of government regulation. Social Liberals think that 'government coercion' of some liberties is needed to attain 'ultimate freedom' (e.g. prohibition of alcohol). Thanks to this interpretation Social Liberalism is supportive of government regulation to a degree (i.e. health-care, eductation, anti-trust laws, taxation) in order to curb lack of opportunity without which, they theorize, no one can attain liberty. Social Liberals emphasizes mutual class collaboration through liberal institutions which should be the most efficient at generating happiness for it's citizens. They also believe that governments should defend the moral rights of nonconformists to express their own identity however they see fit as long as they do not harm anyone else. For this reason they strongly support freedom of religion, popular soverignty, freedom of speech, freedom of individuals from cultural norms, and civil rights.

And Social Liberalism is broadly based on the 'liberal tradition' exported from Europe. As such it is somewhat synonymous, even wrongly, with concepts associated with liberalism (e.g. democracy, liberty, equality, freedom of speech and religion). Through time Social Liberalism has changed too and become what it is today.

Social Liberalism is a development of liberalism stemming from the late 19th century, mostly defended in Europe. Generally Social Liberalism draws it's support from the 'progressive' middle and upper-class, although it can have a significant activist outreach among the lower-class: generally forming around a political party, but close collaboration with 'moderate' or "yellow" trade-union's (e.g. the American Federation of Labor) can be a common sight and among most types of organizations. It's 'members' tend to be more 'moderate' capitalists, seeking to make a "welfare" state which protects the basic human rights and civil liberties of it's citizens.

Political Principles[]

Social Liberal Theory[]

Although Social Liberals comprise a whole set of groups located in many corners of the world they generally subscribe to a set of basic tenets:

Social Contract[]

This is the belief that individuals are the basis of law and society, and that society and its institutions exist to further the ends of individuals. Market Liberalism stresses the social contract, under which citizens make the laws and agree to abide by those laws. It is based on the belief that individuals know best what is best for them. The English Magna Carta is an example of a political document that asserted the rights of individuals even above the prerogatives of monarchs. Additionally it also highlights that if a goverment fail's to uphold the promises it made to "the governed" then the populace have the right and the duty to revolt with the purpose of imposing a new goverment, though as with any ideology there is little agreement among Social Liberal on what this promises are. Generally they are very skeptical of any revolution which is not carried out to achieve the values of Social Liberalism.

'Rule of Law'[]

It also emphasizes the importance of 'Rule of Law' in a goverment (e.g. 'liberal democracy'). The 'Rule of Law' implies that every person is subject to the law, including people who are lawmakers, law enforcement officials and judges. In this sense, in theory it stands in contrast to tyranny or oligarchy, where the rulers are held above the law. In the real world lack of the 'Rule of Law' can be found in both democracies and monarchies, when there is neglect or ignorance of the law. The 'Rule of Law' is more apt to decay if a government has insufficient corrective mechanisms for restoring it. Additionally, this will allow for the breeding of corruption, making it even more difficult to restore it as time goes on and corruption embeds itself deeper into the governmental systems. Though this does not mean that Social Liberals are always supportive of democracy or oppose corruption, as these concepts can be at odds with the pragamtic application of their values.

Positive liberty[]

Rejecting both the most extreme forms of capitalism and the revolutionary elements from the socialist school, Social Liberalism emphasizes what it calls "positive liberty": that 'moral and true liberty' can only be ever realized with equal economic opportunity, education, health-care and other such necessities. Social Liberals believe that naturally it is the duty of the state to provide this to it's citizens, and that ultimately a states 'coercion' of it's citizen's by violating some of their (negative) right's can be justified if it is to obtain this higher liberty. They support a mixed economy of mainly private enterprise with some state provided or guaranteed public services, the extent of which can vary between Social Liberals.

Social Liberals believe that it is the duty of the state to help citizens achieve "moral liberty" lead's to some Social Liberals to view that it is the duty of this very state to regluate things like literature, art, academics, gambling, sex, prostitution, abortion, alcohol, and other controlled substances. However Social Liberals believe that there is a line to the extent of state regulation that is acceptable, the extent of which varies between Social Liberals groups. They emphasize that liberty, rights and freedoms, and private property as fundamental to individual happiness, and regard democracy as an instrument to maintain a society where each individual enjoys the greatest amount of liberty possible. While the state does have an important role in ensuring positive liberty, Social Liberals tend to trust that individuals are usually capable in deciding their own affairs, and generally do not need deliberate steering towards happiness.

Regulated capitalism[]

Generally Social Liberals work to provide basic necessities that the 'free market' cannot, but which the public sector can, although of course the extent to which this happens varies greatly from one Social Liberal group to the other. Social Liberals support 'free trade' and see capitalism as a good economic system but seek to provide state-aid to those not benefited by the system. The constant interplay of individual pressures on market supply and demand causes the natural movement of prices and the flow of trade. Social Liberalism holds that the value of goods and services should be set (mostly) by the unfettered choices of individuals, of market forces. However, unlike Market Liberals, they understand that there are those who are inherently disadvantaged and promote policies which help in this area.

Forms of Social Liberalism[]

Social Liberal countries in 1936[]

accurate as of 1.1.4.

State Name Since State & Political Structure Ruling Party Head of State Head of Government
PhilippinesPhilippines ?? Unitary State,
Presidential Republic
Partido Nacionalista (Nationalist Party) Manuel Luis Quezón Sergio Osmeña
Greece KingdomGreece 1931 Unitary State,
Parliamentary Republic
Néa Fileléftheri Énosi (NFE) (New Liberal Union) Geórgios Papandreou Geórgios Papandreou
ItalyFlagItalian Republic 1927 Unitary State,
Parliamentary Republic
Partito Liberale Democratico (PLD) (Liberal Democratic Party) Ivanoe Bonomi (1927 - ) Carlo Rosselli
Madras ?? ??,
??
Social Liberals Paramasiva Subbarayan Sirinivasa Iyengar
IllyriaIllyria ?? Unitary State,
Constitutional Monarchy, secondary constituent state of Austria-Hungary
Hrvatska pučka seljačka stranka (HPSS) (Croatian People's Peasant Party) Karl I von Habsburg (1916 - )

(Represented by Stjepan Radić)

Vladko Maček
Bohemia FlagBohemia ?? Unitary State,
Constitutional Monarchy, secondary constituent state of Austria-Hungary
česká strana pokroková (Realisté) (Czech Realist Party) Johann Il zu Schwarzenberg Jan Garrigue Masaryk
Serbia FlagSerbia 1926 Unitary State,
Semi-Presidential Republic
Republikanska Stranka (Republican Party) Dragomir Vasic (1931-) Milan Grol (1931- )
United baltic dutchiesUnited Baltic Duchy 1935 Unitary Decentralized State, Semi-Constitutional Monarchy Deutch-baltische Demokratische Partei (DbDP) (Baltic German Democratic Party) Adolf Friedrich (1918 - ) Friedrich von Samson-Himmelstjerna (1935 - )
Liangguang Clique Autonomous province of the Qing Empire Grand Republican League Chen Jiongming


Movements all around the world in 1936[]

The list is up-to-date as of patch KR4 v0.19.2

North America[]

Country Party Name Founded Leader Affiliated Organization Situation Symbols
Flag of Canada (1921–1957).svg United KingdomDominion of Canada Liberal Party of Canada 1861 Mackenzie King -- Ruling party
Flag of Canada (1921–1957)

Civil Ensign and unofficial National Flag of the Dominion of Canada.

Flag Of The United StatesUnited States of America Democratic Party (Progressives) 1828 (founding of Democratic Party), 1896 (beginning of Progressive Era) Al Smith ???? Medium-sized Opposition Party Faction
Flag Of The United States

Flag of the United States of America.

Flag Of CubaCuba Partido Nuevo Liberal (New Liberal Party) 1878 (founding of the Liberal Party), ???? Carlos Céspedes Quesada -- Major opposition party
Cuba

Flag of Cuba.

West Indies FlagWest Indies Federation Parti pour l'Autonomie (Liberals) (PA) (Party for Autonomy) 1932 ???? Parti pour l'Autonomie (Socialist) (PA) (Party for Autonomy) Medium-sized opposition party
West Indies Flag

Flag of the West Indies Federation.

Mexico Flag Mexico Partido Acción Nacional (National Action Party) ???? Jerónimo Flores ???? Minor opposition party
Mexico Flag

Flag of Mexico.

PAN party logo

Logo of PAN.

Nicaragua Nicaragua Partido de la Revolución Liberal (PRL) (Party of the Liberal Revolution) 1931 Juan Bautista Sacasa -- Major opposition party
Flag of Nicaragua

Flag of Nicaragua.

Panama Panama Partido Liberal Nacional (Progresista) (PNL) (National Liberal Party) 1903 Ricardo Alfaro Jované -- Major opposition party
1920px-Flag of Panama

Flag of Panama.

Honduras Honduras Partido Liberal de Honduras (PLH) (Liberal Party of Honduras) 1866/1891 (foundation of the Liberal League), 1891 (creation of the PLH) José Maria Moncada -- Minor opposition party
1920px-Flag of Honduras

Flag of Honduras.

Liberal Party of Honduras flag

Flag of the PLH.

1920px-Flag of El Salvador.svg El Salvador Partido Nacional Democrático (PND) (National Democratic Party) 1913 Alfonso Quiñónez Molina -- Medium-sized opposition party
1920px-Flag of El Salvador

Flag of El Salvador.

Haiti FlagHaiti Parti Populaire Progressiste (PPP) (Popular Progressive Party) ???? Jean Price-Mars -- Major opposition party
Haiti Flag

Flag of Haiti.

Costa RicaCosta Rica El Centro (The Center) ???? Andrés López ???? Major opposition party
Costa Rica

Flag of Costa Rica.

Puerto Rico unofficial flag Flag Of The United States Puerto Rico Partido Liberal (PL) (Liberal Party) 1932 Antonio R. Barceló -- Minor opposition party
Puerto Rico unofficial flag

"Old Glory" flag and unofficial American Flag of Puerto Rico.

1920px-Flag of Guatemala.svg Guatemala Partido Liberal (Social) (PL) (Liberal Party) 1820 Eduardo Cabañas -- Minor coalition faction
Guatemala

Flag of Guatemala.

Dominican RepublicDominican Republic Partido Nuevo Azul (New Blue Party) 1865 (founding of the party), ???? Juan Jimenes Grullón -- Minor opposition party
Dominican Republic

Flag of the Dominican Republic.

South America[]

Country Party Name Founded Leader Affiliated Organization Situation Symbols
UruguayUruguay Facción Centrista del Partido Colorado (PC) (Centrist Faction of the Red Party) 1836 (Founding of the party), 1903 (Formation in response to ascendance of Batllism). National Council of Administration -- Minority of the Ruling Party
Colorado Party Symbol

Symbol of the Colorado Party.

Uruguay

Flag of Uruguay

EcuadorEcuador Facción Liberal del Partido Liberal Radical Ecuatoriano (PLPEl) (Liberal Faction of the Ecuatorian Liberal Radical Party) 1878/1925 (founding of the party), 1925 (official founding) Alfredo Baquerizo Moreno ???? Medium-sized opposition party
Ecuador

Flag of Ecuador.

PLRE logo

Logo of the PLRE, representing the face of Eloy Alfaro, their popular founder.

Brazil FlagBrazil Partido Liberal (PL) (Liberal Party) 1831/1889 (founding, ended after the proclamation of the Republic), ???? Júlio Prestes ???? Medium-sized opposition party
Brazil Flag (1889-1960)

Flag of Brazil.

Peru Flag Peace Peru Movimiento Democrático (MD) (Democratic Movement) ???? Jorge Prado Ugarteche ???? Minor opposition party
Peru Flag Peace

Flag of Peru.

Bolivia Bolivia Partido Liberal (PL) (Liberal Party) 1883 Enrique Peñaranda Castillo -- Minor opposition party
Bolivia

Flag of Bolivia.

ColombiaColombia Partido Liberal (PL) (Liberal Party) 1848 Eduardo Santos Montejo Vanguardia Liberal (Liberal Vanguard) newspaper Minor opposition party
Colombia

Flag of Colombia.

VenezuelaVenezuela Unión Republicana Democrática (URD) (Republican Democratic Union) ???? Elías Toro ???? Major opposition party
Venezuela

Flag of Venezuela.

Patagonia Argentina Patagonian Workers Front Union Civica Radical (Radical Civic Union) 1891 Pedro Díaz -- Underground party
Flag of Argentina.
Emblem of the Radical Civic Union

Emblem of the Radical Civic Union.

Argentina Argentina Partido Demócrata Progresista (PDP) (Democratic Progressive Party) 1914 Nicolas Repetto -- Underground party
Emblem of the Democratic Progressive Party

Logo of the Democratic Progressive Party.

Paraguay Paraguay Partido Azul (PA) (Blue Party) ???? Luís Avelino Argaña ???? Medium-sized opposition party
Paraguay

Flag of Paraguay.

2000px-Flag of Chile.svg Chile Partido Liberal (PL) (Liberal Party) 1849 Arturo Alessandri Palma -- Minor opposition party
2000px-Flag of Chile

Flag of Chile.

Africa[]

Country Party Name Founded Leader Affiliated Organization Situation Symbols
LiberiaLiberia True Whig Party (New Guard) 1869 Clarence Simpson -- Major coalition faction
Liberia

Flag of Liberia.

Egypt FlagEgypt ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????
Mittelafrika Flag Mittelafrika Association de Colons du Congo (Assocation of the Colonists of Congo) ???? Jules Cousin -- Major opposition organization --
National France flag new French Republic Parti Radical (PR) (Radical Party) 1901 Camille Chautemps -- Minor opposition party
National France flag new

Flag of the French Republic.

SOM Somalia ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????
Ethiopian flag Ethiopia ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????
Morocco Morocco ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????
South Africa Flag United Kingdom Union of South Africa South African Party (Liberals)(SAP) (Suid-Afrikaanse Party) (Zuidafrikaanse Partij) 1911 Jan Hendrik Hofmeyr -- Minor coalition faction
South Africa Flag

Flag of Union of South Africa; Equal in status to the Union Jack.

Europe[]

Country Party Name Founded Leader Affiliated Organization Situation Symbols
Two SiciliesTwo Sicilies Democrazia Cristiana (CS) (Christian Democracy) ???? ???? ???? Major opposition party
Two Sicilies

Flag of Two Sicilies.

Kingdom of Poland Poland ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????
Norway 2Norway Venstre (Left) 1884 Søren Lund Norges Liberale Studentforbund ( Liberal Students of Norway), Unge Venstre (Young Left) Medium-sized opposition party)
Norway 2

Flag of Norway.

Netherlands FlagNetherlands Vrijzinnig-Democratische Bond (VDB) (Liberal Democratic League) 1901 Algemene Vereniging Radio Omroep (AVRO) (General Association of Radio Broadcasting), Vrijzinnig-Democratische Jongeren Organisatie (VDJO) (Liberal Democratic Youth Organization) Minor opposition party
Vrijzinnig-Democratische Bond logo

Logo of the VDB.

Netherlands Flag

Flag of the Netherlands.

Belarus 300pxWhite Ruthenia Bielaruskaja Partyja Sacyjalistaŭ-Fiederalistaŭ (BPS F) (Belarusian Party of Socialist-Federalists) ???? Mikola Abramčyk -- Minor opposition party
Belarus 300px

Flag of Belarus.

SwedenSweden Bondeförbundet (Farmer's League) 1913 (founding of the party), 1922 (merging with the National Farmer's Union) ???? Svenska Landsbygdens Ungdomsförbund (Swedish Rural Youth League), Hallands Nyheter (News of Halland), Södermanlands Nyheter (News of Sodermanlands), Östersunds-Posten (Ostersund Post), Hudiksvalls Tidning (Hudiksvall newspaper), and other newspapers. Medium-sized opposition party
Sweden

Flag of Sweden.

SwitzerlandSwitzerland Liberale Partei de Schweiz/Parti Libéral Suisse/Partito Liberale Svizzero/Partida Liberala Svizra (TL) (Liberal Party of Switzerland) 1893 (founding of the faction), 1913 (creation of the party) ???? -- Minor opposition party
Swiss flag

Flag of Switzerland.

Austria Flag AH verticalImperial Austria Liberale Bewegung (LB) (Liberal Movement) ???? ???? ???? ????
Austria Flag

Flag of Austria.

AlbaniaAlbania Partia Popullore (PP) (Popular Party) ???? Xhafer Ypi -- Minor opposition party
Albania

Flag of Albania.

United baltic dutchiesUnited Baltic Duchy Deutch-baltische Demokratische Partei (DbDP) (Baltic German Democratic Party) 1917 Paul Schiemann ???? Ruling Party
United baltic dutchies 2

Flag of the UBD.

Serbia FlagSerbia Republikanska Stranka (Republican Party) (Creation of the Republican Democratic Party), (Formation of the party) Dragomir Vasić Konspiracija (“Conspiracy”) Ruling Party
Serbia Flag

Flag of the Serbian Republic.

Bohemia Flag AH vertical Bohemia česká strana pokroková (Realisté) (Czech Realist Party) ???? ???? ???? Ruling Party ????
Illyria AH vertical Illyria Hrvatska pučka seljačka stranka (HPSS) (Croatian People's Peasant Party) ???? ???? ???? Ruling Party ????
Russian RepRussian Republic Partiya Sotsialistov-Revolyutsionerov (SRs) (Socialist-Revolutionaries Party) 1902 Alexander Kerensky -- Ruling Party
Russian Rep

Flag of the Russian Republic.

ItalyFlagItalian Republic Partito Liberale Democratico (PLD) (Liberal Democratic Party) 1921 Ivanoe Banmi -- Ruling Party
Republic of Italy

Flag of the Italian Republic.

German Empire German Empire Fortschrittliche Volkspartei (FVP) (Progressive People's Party) 1910 Anton Erkelenz (1928 - ) Hirsch-Duncker unions Major opposition party
German Empire

Flag of the German Empire.

Finland Finland Maalaisliitto (ML) (Agrarian League) 1906 (Creation of agrarian organizations), 1908 (official founding of the party) Kyösti Kallio -- Minor opposition party --
Bulgaria Bulgaria Bŭlgarski Zemedelski Naroden Sŭyuz "Vrabcha 1" (Bulgarian Agrarian National Union "Sparrow 1") 1899 ???? -- Medium-sized opposition party
Bulgaria

Flag of the Tzardom of Bulgaria.

Sardinia Kingdom of Sardinia Lega Democratica Reale (Royal Democratic League) ???? ???? ???? Minor coalition party
Sardinia

Flag of Sardinia.

Ireland Ireland Clann na Talmhan (Family/Children of the Land) 1932 Michael Donnellan -- Minor opposition party
Ireland

Flag of Ireland.

Flanders-Wallonia Flanders-Wallonia Belgische Werklieden Partij/Parti Ouvrier Belge (BWP/POB) (Belgian Workers Party) 1885 ???? Le Peuple (The People) newspaper Major opposition party
Flanders-Wallonia

Flag of Flanders-Wallonia.

Papal States Papal State Partito Popolare Democratico (PPD) (Popular Democratic Party) ???? ???? ???? ???? --
Ukraine Flag Ukraine
Denmark Denmark Det Radikale Venstre (The Radical Left) 1905 ????

Radical Ungdom (RU) (Radical Youth)

Major opposition party
Denmark

Flag of Denmark.

Flag of Iceland Iceland Framsóknarflokkurinn (Progressive Party) 1916 Ásgeir Ásgeirsson -- Major opposition party
Flag of Iceland
KR Lithuania Flag Lithuania Lletuvos Lenk(U) Komitetas/Komitet Polaków ne Litwie (Committtee of Lithuanian Poles) ???? ???? ???? ???? ????
Greece KingdomGreece Néa Fileléftheri Énosi (NFE) (New Liberal Union) 1910 (founding of the Liberal Party), 1931 (declaration of the 3rd Hellenic Republic) Geórgios Papandreou -- Ruling Party
1200px-Flag of Greece (1822-1978)

Flag of the Third Hellenic Republic.

New Liberal Union logo

Logo of the New Liberal Union.

Romania Iron Guard Romania Partidul Țărănesc (PT) (The Peasant Party) 1918 ???? ???? Minor opposition party
Romania

Flag of Romania.

????
UOB vertical Union of Britain Liberal Party 1859 Abraham England Welsh Liberals (Defunct) Underground party
United Kingdom

Flag of the United Kingdom.

SocialistrepublicofItaly Socialist Republic of Italy Partido Liberale Democratico (PLD) (Liberal Democratic Party) 1921 Constanzo Albricci -- Minor opposition party
Republic of Italy

Flag of the Italian Republic.

Commune of France flag new Commune of France ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????
Kingdom Spain Spain ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????
Portugal Portugal ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????
Azerbaijan Flag 2 Azerbaijan Ahrar Party (Liberal Party) 1918 Yevsey Gindes -- Major opposition party
Azerbaijan Flag 2

Flag of Azerbaijan.

Georgia flag Georgia Sakartvelos Sotsialist-Pederalisturi Revolutsiuri Partia (Socialist-Federalist Revolutionary Party) 1904 Iosif Baratov -- Medium-sized coalition party
Georgia flag

Flag of Georgia.

Hungary Flag AH vertical Hungary ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????
Galicia-Lodomeria Flag AH vertical Galicia and Lodomeria ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????

Asia[]

Country Party Name Founded Leader Affiliated Organization Situation Symbols
Flag of Persia (1910-1925).svgPersia ???? ???? ???? ???? ????
Ottoman Flag Ottoman Empire Hürriyet ve İtilâf Fırkası (HIF) (Freedom and Accord Party) 1911 Prince Sabahaddin Mes'ûliyetnewspaper Major opposition party
Ottoman Flag

Flag of the Ottoman Empire.

Afghanistan Afghanistan Pro-Western Faction ???? ???? ???? ???? ????
PhilippinesThe Philippines Partido Nacionalista (Nationalist Party) ???? ???? ???? Ruling Party
British India British India ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????
Bhartiya Commune Bharatiya Commune ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????
Alash Autonomy Flag Russian RepAlash Autonomy ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????
Madras Social Liberals ???? ???? ???? Ruling Party ????
Qing Flag Qing Empire 青年中國黨 (YCP, Young China Party) 1923 Li Huang -- Major Opposition Party
Qing Flag

Flag of the Qing Empire.


Young China Party Logo

Logo of the YCP.

Japan FlagEmpire of Japan Kakushintō (Reformist Party) 1927 ???? -- Minor opposition party
Japan Naval Ensign

Naval Ensign and unofficial National Flag of the Empire of Japan.

Burma Republic of Burma (United GCBA) (General Council of Burmese Associations) 1921 Chit Hlaing The Democratic Opposition Major opposition party
Burma

Flag of the Republic of Burma.

Siam Siam พรรคกิจสังคม (Social Action Party) ???? ???? -- Medium-sized opposition party
Siam

Flag of Siam.

Yunnan Qing Flag Yunnan Clique 建國滇軍 (National Foundation Army) 1894/1905 (Formation of Revive China Society)

1905/1912 (Creation of Tongmenghui)
1912 (Creation of the KMT)
1927 (Aftermath of the Northern Expedition)

Zhu Peide 國民革命軍 (NRA, National Revolutionary Army) (Defunct) Major Opposition Organization
National Revolutionary Flag (1925)

Flag of the defunct NRA.


800px-Naval Jack of the Republic of China

Flag of the KMT

Xinjiang flag Qing Flag Xinjiang Clique 白山宗 (Aqtaghlik) Circa 15th Century (Rise of Sufism in China)

Circa 17th Century (Creation of Aqtaghlik)

-- -- Marginal Opposition Organization --
Sichuan Qing Flag Sichuan Clique 軍官系 (Officer Department) 1894/1905 (Formation of Revive China Society)

1905/1912 (Creation of Tongmenghui)
1912 (Creation of the KMT)
1925 (Creation of the Public Interest Party of China)
1927 (Aftermath of the Northern Expedition)
1931 (Aftermath of the Fourth Yunnan-Sichuan War)

Xiong Kewu 唐繼堯派 (Tang Clique)

中國國民黨 (KMT, Kuomintang)
中國致公黨 (PIP, Public Interest Party of China)

Underground Organization
Yunnan

Flag of the Yunnan Clique


Flag of the KMT

Flag of the KMT government of MinGan Insurgent Zone


800px-Naval Jack of the Republic of China

Flag of the KMT


Cnhash1

Logo of the PIP and unofficial symbol of the Federalist movement of China.

Shandong Qing Flag Shandong Clique 皈一道 (Guiyidao Society) 1916 Zhang Shulin 一貫道 (Yiguandao)

紅槍會 (Red Swastika Society)

Minor Opposition Organization
1024px-Yiguandao symbol

Symbol of the Yiguandao.

Shanxiflag Qing Flag Shanxi Clique 張自忠派 (Zhang Zizhong Clique) 1924 (Formation of Guominjun)

1927 (Aftermath of the Northern Expedition)

Zhang Zizhong 國民軍 (Guominjun) Minor Opposition Organization --
Ma Clique Qing Flag Ma Clique 西北民主社會黨 (Northwest Democratic Alliance) (?) -- -- Underground Party --
Kumul Khanate Qing Flag Kumul Khanate 哈密廢奴派 (Kumul Abolitionists) (?) -- -- Minor Opposition Organization
Qing Flag

Flag of the Qing Empire.

Flag of the League of Eight Provinces Qing Flag League of Eight Provinces 朱紅社 (The Vermillion Society) (?) -- 奉天政府 (Fengtian Government)

中國國民黨 (KMT, Kuomintang)
中國致公黨 (PIP, Public Interest Party of China)

Minor Opposition Organization
Fengtian

Flag of the Fengtian Government of the Republic of China


Flag of the KMT

Flag of the KMT government of MinGan Insurgent Zone


800px-Naval Jack of the Republic of China

Flag of the KMT


Cnhash1

Logo of the PIP and unofficial symbol of the Federalist movement of China.

Legation Cities Qing Flag Legation Cities 朱紅社 (The Vermillion Society) (?) Robert Ho Shai Lai

Robert Hotung

奉天政府 (Fengtian Government)

中國國民黨 (KMT, Kuomintang)
中國致公黨 (PIP, Public Interest Party of China)

Medium-sized Opposition Organization
Fengtian

Flag of the Fengtian Government of the Republic of China


Flag of the KMT

Flag of the KMT government of MinGan Insurgent Zone


800px-Naval Jack of the Republic of China

Flag of the KMT


Cnhash1

Logo of the PIP and unofficial symbol of the Federalist movement of China.

Tibet Tibet ཨཱུནིཨོན་ ཨོཕ༹་ ཇོཡ་

(Union of Happiness)

1933 Tsipön Lungshar ནུབ་བོད་ལེགས་བཅོས་སྐྱིད་སྡུག (Tibet Improvement Party) Underground Party
Tibet

Flag of Tibet.

New Mongolian Flag Mongolia Монголын либерал нам (MLN) (Mongolian Liberal Party) (?) Jamsrangiin Tseveen (Jamtsarano) -- Underground Party
New Mongolian Flag

Flag of Mongolia.

Fengtian Fengtian Government 民主憲政黨 (Democratic Constitutional Party) (?) -- -- Miniscule Opposition Party
Fengtian

Flag of the Fengtian Government.


Flag of the Republic of China

Flag of the defunct Beiyang Government.

Transamur Flag Transamur ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????
Ostasien Flag German East Asia Fortschrittliche Volkspartei (FVP) (Progressive People's Party) 1910 Ludwig Schutze Hirsch-Duncker unions Major opposition party
German Empire

Flag of the German Empire.

Bukhara Flag Bukhara ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????
Najd Emirate of Nejd and Hasa والحريات والعيد (Freedom and Eid) ???? ???? ???? Minor group ????
Yemen Ottoman Flag Yemeni Imamate ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????
Oman Ottoman FlagSultanate of Muscat and Oman ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????
Turkestan FlagTurkestan Republic ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????
Nepal flag Nepal नेपाल प्रजा परिषद (Nepal Praja Parishad) ???? Tanka Prasad Acharya -- Medium-sized opposition party --
Bhutan Updated Buhtan (Jai Gorkha) ???? Mahasur Chhetri -- Underground party --
Kiva Flag Khiva ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????

Oceania and Pacific[]

Country Party Name Founded Leader Affiliated Organization Situation Symbols
Flag Of Australasian Confederation United Kingdom Australasian Confederation Australasian Labor Party 1901 (Founding of the party) ???? Australasian Labor Party National Conference, affiliated trade unions (de facto the Australian Council of Trade Unions) Minor opposition party
Australasiaflag

Civil Ensign and unofficial National Flag of the Australasian Confederation.

Dutch East Indies Dutch East Indies Vrijzinnig-Democratische Bond (VDB) (Liberal Democratic League) 1901 Gobert de Visser Algemene Vereniging Radio Omroep (AVRO) (General Association of Radio Broadcasting), Vrijzinnig-Democratische Jongeren Organisatie (VDJO) (Liberal Democratic Youth Organization) Minor opposition party
Vrijzinnig-Democratische Bond logo

Logo of the VDB.

Netherlands Flag

Flag of the Netherlands.

Symbols[]


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