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Main article: List of Political Ideologies
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Market Liberalism or Classical Liberalism is a economic and political ideology based on a powerful support & protection of a market economy, natural and private property rights as well as a political system that is democratic and/or plutocratic.

Overview[]

As a political and economic ideology Market Liberalism focuses on the idea that in an environment of economic laissez-faire, a spontaneous order or 'the invisible hand of the market' emerges that benefits society. Though, it is not necessarily opposed to the provision of a few basic public goods by the state that the market is thought to not being able to provide.

And Market Liberalism is broadly based on the 'liberal tradition' exported from Europe. As such it is somewhat synonymous, even wrongly, with concepts associated with liberalism (e.g. democracy, liberty, equality, freedom of speech and religion). Through time Market Liberalism has changed too and become what it is today.

They argue that rights are of a negative nature — rights that require that other individuals (and governments) refrain from interfering with individual liberty. They do not have an interest the goverment ensuring material equality but only in "equality before the law". Market Liberals also argue against direct democracy because they believe there is nothing in the bare idea of majority rule to show that majorities will always respect the rights of property or maintain the 'Rule of Law'.

Market Liberals usually find their base of support among the middle and upper-class, particularly the latter in "western" countries were the elite is relatively more 'liberalized'; and more generally among 'buisness-men' who stand by Market Liberalism's die-heart support of capitalism and 'free trade'. They generally organize around a political party, although like any ideology have other 'apolitical' organization's that promote's them, which are often funded by 'buisness interests' (e.g. "yellow" trade union's).

Political Principles[]

Market Liberal Theory[]

Although Market Liberals comprise a whole set of group's located in many corner's of the world they generally subscribe to a set of basic tenet's, the most universal of which is obviously a support for capitalism; a free market and strong private property rights, which generally all Market Liberals aspire to accomplish. Nonetheless, exception's and the rest still follow four basic core ideas (sometimes these contradictory idea's mean that the extent of devotion varies):

Social Contract[]

This is the belief that individuals are the basis of law and society, and that society and its institutions exist to further the ends of individuals. Market Liberalism stresses the social contract, under which citizens make the laws and agree to abide by those laws. It is based on the belief that individuals know best what is best for them. The English Magna Carta is an example of a political document that asserted the rights of individuals even above the prerogatives of monarchs. Additionally it also highlights that if a goverment fail's to uphold the promises it made to "the governed" then the populace have the right and the duty to revolt with the purpose of imposing a new goverment, though as with any ideology there is little agreement among Market Liberal on what this promises are. Generally they are very skeptical of any revolution which is not carried out to achieve the values of Market Liberalism.

'Rule of Law'[]

It also emphasizes the importance of 'Rule of Law' in a goverment (e.g. 'liberal democracy'). The 'Rule of Law' implies that every person is subject to the law, including people who are lawmakers, law enforcement officials and judges. In this sense, in theory it stands in contrast to tyranny or oligarchy, where the rulers are held above the law. In the real world lack of the 'Rule of Law' can be found in both democracies and monarchies, when there is neglect or ignorance of the law. The 'Rule of Law' is more apt to decay if a government has insufficient corrective mechanisms for restoring it. Additionally, this will allow for the breeding of corruption, making it even more difficult to restore it as time goes on and corruption embeds itself deeper into the governmental systems. Though this does not mean that Market Liberals are always supportive of democracy or oppose corruption, but moreso the protection of their rights.

Skepticism of "Mob Rule"[]

Market Liberals consider that popular opinion, whos emotions are often manipulated by government leaders and are not inherently founded on the 'Rule of Law', can be a harmful tool which can destroy freedom of the individual (and that of a buisness elite). Simply put, they believe that plain majority rule offer's no guarantee to show that majorities will always respect the rights of property or maintain 'Rule of Law': this is known as the tyranny of the majority. It is for this reason that Market Liberals generally are skeptical or outright oppose direct democracy; most commonly if it's somehow different than the orthodox 'western' european 'liberal democratic' tradition -the exact deffinition of which might depend on each Market Liberal group.

Negative liberty[]

Unlike Social Liberals, Market Liberals believe that rights and liberty are of a negative nature — rights that require that other individuals (and governments) refrain from interfering with individual liberty. Cultural liberalism opposes government regulation of literature, art, academics, gambling, sex, prostitution, abortion, terminal illness, alcohol, and other controlled substances. Most Market Liberals oppose some or all government intervention in these areas as they believe that individual freedom allows the ability for individual's to decide for themselves what's best, without the need for a 'coerciver' outsider forcing their hand and making a autocratic & tyrannic assault against their natural rights. Natural rights mean that all people have inherent rights, conferred not by act of legislation but by "God, nature, or reason".

The Invisible Hand of the Market[]

The Invisible Hand is a metaphor for the unseen forces that move the free market economy. It is the belief that: through individual self-interest and freedom of production as well as consumption, the best interest of society, as a whole, are fulfilled; the constant interplay of individual pressures on market supply and demand causes the natural movement of prices and the flow of trade. In Adam Smith's view, if everyone is left to his own economic devices instead of being controlled by the state, the result would be a harmonious and more equal society of ever-increasing prosperity (this underpinned the move towards a capitalist economic system in the late 18th century and the subsequent demise of the mercantilist system).

Market Liberals want little or no government regulation of the market. Market Liberals support the individual rights of property and freedom of contract, without which, they argue, the exercise of other (negative) liberties is impossible. For this reason and the above they advocate laissez-faire capitalism, meaning the removal of legal barriers to trade and cessation of government-bestowed privilege such as subsidies and monopolies; Market Liberalism holds that the value of goods and services should be set by the unfettered choices of individuals, that is, of market forces. Though Market Liberals can set limitations to these beliefs depending on the particular circumstances. Basically, Market Liberalism accepts the economic inequality that arises from unequal bargaining positions as being the natural result of competition, so long as no coercion is used.

Market Liberalism in Practice[]

Position on Authoritarianism[]

Market Liberals agree with Thomas Hobbes that government had been created by individuals to protect themselves from each other and that the purpose of government should be to minimize conflict between individuals that would otherwise arise in a state of nature. But Market Liberalism is critical of Social Liberalism and takes offense at groups rights being pursued at the expense of individual rights. Hobbe's idea does not necessarily include democracy nor government by a majority vote by citizens which as stated before can be 'bad for buisness' since majorities don't always protect the rights and policies that Market Liberal hold. In practice a movement of Market Liberals can see an autocratic regime as the best choice for protecting private property and the economic rights of individuals while others would prefer a democratic system which is limited and broadly protective of 'liberty' along with 'free trade'. Similarly, some of it's group's often argue that the status quo social heirarchies and political system's exsist to protect individual rights within society and particularly the 'Rule of Law' (e.g. Social Darwinism, monarchism, Imperialism), holding the same view's as Social Conservatism and other conservative ideologies.

Forms of Market Liberalism[]


Market Liberal countries in 1936[]

State Name Since State & Political Structure Ruling Party Head of State Head of Government
Flag Of The United StatesUnited States of America 1929 Federal Presidential Constitutional Republic Republican Party (GOP) Herbert Hoover (1929 - Present) Herbert Hoover (1929 - Present)
Flag-CANUnited KingdomDominion of Canada 1931 Federal State,
Parliamentary Constitutional Monarchy
Liberal Party King George V (1910 - ) Mackenzie King (1925 - 1930) (1931 - )
Flag-NORNorway ?? Unitary State,
Constitutional Monarchy
Høye (Conservative Party) Haakon VII (1905 - ) Johan H. Andresen
West Indies FlagWest Indies Federation 1929 Federal State,
Constitutional Monarchy
Unity Party (UP) Sir Eustace Edward Twisleton-Wykeham-Fiennes (1925 - ) Sir Gordon James Lethem (1929 - )
SwitzerlandSwitzerland ?? Federal State,
Directoral Councillor Republic
Friesinnig-Demokratische Partei (FDP) (Free Democratic Party) Federal Council Albert Meyer
Legation CitiesLegation Cities 1932 Unitary State,
Directorial Autocratic Councilor Republic
The American Chamber of Commerce in the International Mandate (AmCham Shanghai) Nelson T. Johnson Cornell Franklin

Movements all around the world in 1936[]

The list is up-to-date as of patch KR4 v0.19.2

North America[]

Country Party Name Founded Leader Affiliated Organization Situation Symbols
Flag of Canada (1921–1957).svg United Kingdom Dominion of Canada Liberal Party of Canada (National Liberal Federation) 1861 Mackenzie King -- Ruling Party
Flag of Canada (1921–1957)

Civil Ensign and unofficial National Flag of the Dominion of Canada.

Flag Of CubaCuba Partido Republicano (Republican Party) Miguel Mariano Gómez -- Major Opposition Party
Flag Of Cuba

Flag of Cuba.

West Indies FlagWest Indies Federation Unity Party (UP) 1925 Sir Gordon James Lethem -- Ruling Party
West Indies Flag

Flag of the West Indies Federation.

Mexico Flag Mexico Partido Liberal (Liberal Party) ???? Ángel Escobedo -- Minuscule Party
Mexico Flag

Flag of Mexico.

Nicaragua Nicaragua Partido Liberal Constitucionalista (PLC) (Liberal Constitutionalist Party) ???? Doroteo Cárdenas -- Underground Party
Nicaragua

Flag of the Revolutionary Republic of Nicaragua.

Liberal Constitutionalist Party (Nicaragua)

Logo of the PLC

Panama Panama Partido Nacional Liberal (Conservador) (PNL) (National Liberal Party) 1903 Juan Demostenes Arosemena -- Underground Party
1920px-Flag of Panama

Flag of Panama.

National Liberal Party (Panama)

Logo of the National Liberal Party

Honduras Honduras Partido Unificación Democrática (PUD) (Democratic Unification Party) ???? José Ángel Zúñiga Huete -- Medium-sized Opposition Party
1920px-Flag of Honduras

Flag of Honduras.

1920px-Flag of El Salvador.svg El Salvador Partido Democráta Cristiano (Christian Democratic Party) ???? Lisandro Castellanos -- Marginal Opposition Party
1920px-Flag of El Salvador

Flag of El Salvador.

Haiti FlagHaiti Parti National de L'Industrie Agricole (National Party of Agricultural Industry) ???? Louis Déjoie -- Minor Opposition Organization
Haiti Flag

Flag of Haiti.

Costa RicaCosta Rica United Fruit Company (UFC) 1899 Sebastián Jiménez -- Major Opposition Organization
Costa Rica

Flag of Costa Rica.

Flag Of The United StatesUnited States of America Republican Party (GOP) 1854 Herbert Hoover -- Ruling Party
USA vertical

Flag of the United States of America.

Puerto Rico unofficial flag Flag Of The United States Puerto Rico Partido Liberal de Puerto Rico (Liberal Party of Puerto Rico) 1932 Antonio R. Barceló -- Medium-sized Opposition Party
Independist Puerto Rico Flag

Independist flag and unofficial National Flag of Puerto Rico.

Logo Liberal Party of Puerto Rico

Logo of the Liberal Party of Puerto Rico

1920px-Flag of Guatemala.svg Guatemala Partido Liberal (Corporativista) (Liberal Party (Corporatist)) 1920 Toribio Corral -- Marginal Opposition Party
Guatemala

Flag of Guatemala.

Dominican RepublicDominican Republic Partido Republicano (Republican Party) 1932 Rafael Estrella Ureña -- Major Opposition Party
Dominican Republic

Flag of the Dominican Republic.

South America[]

Country Party Name Founded Leader Affiliated Organization Situation Symbols
UruguayUruguay Facción Centrista del Partido Nacional (Centrist Faction of the National Party) 1836 Consejo Nacional de Administración -- Medium-sized Opposition Party Faction
National Party Symbol

Logo of the PN

Uruguay

Flag of Uruguay

EcuadorEcuador Partido Liberal Radical Ecuatoriano (PLRE) (Ecuatorian Liberal Radical Party) 1878/1925 (founding of the party), 1925 (official founding) Isidro Ayora (?) Major Opposition Party
Ecuador

Flag of Ecuador.

PLRE logo

Logo of the PLRE, representing the face of Eloy Alfaro, their popular founder.

Brazil FlagBrazil Partido Liberal Democráta (Liberal Democratic Party) (?) Francisco Prestes Maia -- Medium-sized Opposition Party
Brazil Flag

Flag of Brazil.

Peru Flag Peace Peru Movimiento Democrático (Democratic Movement) 1930 Jorge Prado Ugarteche -- Medium-sized Opposition Party
Peru Flag Peace

Flag of Peru.

Bolivia Bolivia Partido Liberal Popular (People's Liberal Party) ???? Simon Iturri Patiño -- Major Opposition Party
Bolivia

Flag of Bolivia.

ColombiaColombia Partido Conservador (Conservative Party) 1849 Mariano Ospina Pérez -- Minor Opposition Party
Colombia

Flag of Colombia.

VenezuelaVenezuela Partido Social Cristiano (Christian Social Party) 1920s Isaías Medina Angarita -- Major Opposition Party
Venezuela

Flag of Venezuela.

Patagonia Argentina Patagonian Workers Front Partido Demócrata Nacional (PDN) (National Democratic Party) 1932 Ramón Antonio Castillo -- Underground Party
Argentina

Flag of the Argentine Republic.

Emblem of the National Democratic Party

Emblem of the National Democratic Party

Argentina Argentina Partido Demócrata Nacional (PDN) (National Democratic Party) 1932 Ramón Antonio Castillo -- Underground Party
Argentina

Flag of the Argentine Republic.

Emblem of the National Democratic Party

Emblem of the National Democratic Party

Paraguay Paraguay Partido Nacional Liberal Ortodoxo (Orthodox National Liberal Party) 1887 Eduardo Schaerer -- Medium-sized Opposition Party
Paraguay

Flag of Paraguay.

2000px-Flag of Chile.svg Chile Partido Radical (Radical Party) 1863 Isidoro Corrico -- Marginal Opposition Party
Radical Party (Chile)
Chile Flag

Flag of Chile.

Africa[]

Country Party Name Founded Leader Affiliated Organization Situation Symbols
LiberiaLiberia True Whig Party (Centre) 1869 William Tubman -- Medium-sized Opposition Party
Liberia

Flag of Liberia.

True Whig Party Logo

True Whig Party logo

Egypt FlagEgypt ???? ???? ???? ???? ????
Egypt Flag

Flag of Egypt.

Mittelafrika Flag Mittelafrika Royal Veterans Association 1921 Rea Leaky British Army Minor Opposition Organization
United Kingdom

Flag of the UK-in-exile

National France flag new French Republic Parti Républicain Démocrate (PRD) (Republican Democratic Party) 1903 (Creation of the Republican Federation), 1903 (Creation of the Democratic Alliance), 1920s (Fusion of the two parties) Pierre Etienne Flandin -- Minor Opposition Party
National France flag new

Flag of the French Republic.

SOM Somalia Muuqaalka Xoriyadda (The Image of Freedom) ???? Jama Abdullahi Qalib -- Minor Opposition Party
SOM

Flag of Somalia.


Ethiopian flag Ethiopia Yetebaberuti Ye'ītiyop'īya Dēmokirasīyawī Hayilochi ???? ???? -- Minor Opposition Party
Ethiopian flag

Flag of Ethiopia.


Morocco Morocco الحزب المغربي العيبيرل (Moroccan Al-Aiberl Party) ???? ???? -- Major Opposition Party
Morocco

Flag of Morocco.


South Africa Flag United Kingdom Union of South Africa South African Party (Unionists) (Suid-Afrikaanse Party) (Zuidafrikaanse Partij) 1911 Gideon Brand van Zyl -- Marginal Coalition Faction
South Africa Flag

Flag of Union of South Africa; Equal in status to the Union Jack.

Europe[]

Country Party Name Founded Leader Affiliated Organization Situation Symbols
Two Sicilies Two Sicilies Partito Liberale (PL) (Liberal Party) ???? ???? -- Medium-sized Opposition Party
Two Sicilies

Flag of Two Sicilies.


Kingdom of Poland Poland ???? ???? ???? ???? ????
Kingdom of Poland

Flag of Poland.


Norway 2Norway Høye (Conservative Party) 1884 Johan H. Andresen -- Ruling Party
Norway 2

Flag of Norway.

Netherlands FlagNetherlands Liberale Staatspartij (Liberal State Party) 1921 ???? -- Minor Opposition Party
Netherlands Flag

Flag of Netherlands.

Liberal State Party Logo (Netherlands)

Logo of the Liberal State Party

Belarus 300pxWhite Ruthenia Bielaruskaja Narodnaja Partyja (BNP) (Bielorusian People's Party) ???? Adam Stankievič -- Major Opposition Party
Belarus 300px
SwedenSweden Folkpartiet (Swedish People's Party) 1934 ???? -- Major Opposition Party
Sweden

Flag of Sweden.

SwitzerlandSwitzerland Friesinnig-Demokratische Partei (FDP) (Free Democratic Party) 1894 Albert Meyer eue Zürcher Zeitung (NZZ) (New Journal of Zürich) Ruling Party
Swiss flag

Flag of Switzerland.

Austria Flag AH verticalImperial Austria Nationalliberale Partei (National Liberal Party) ???? ???? -- Minor Opposition Party
Austria Flag

Flag of Austria Proper (Inner Austria).


AlbaniaAlbania Partia Demokrate e Re (New Democratic Party) ???? Ibrahim Pashë Toptani -- Minor Opposition Party
Albania

Flag of Albania.

United baltic dutchiesUnited Baltic Duchy Deutch-baltische Fortschrittlich Partei (DbFP) (Baltic German Progressive Party) 1918 Wilhelm Schreiner -- Medium-sized Coalition Party
United baltic dutchies

Flag of the U.B.D.

Serbia FlagSerbia Narodna radikalna stranka (People's Radical Party) 1881 Milan Stojadinovič -- Major Opposition Party
Serbia Flag

Flag of the Serbian Republic.

Logo People's Radical Party (Serbia)

Logo of the People's Radical Party

Bohemia Flag AH vertical Bohemia ???? ???? ???? ???? ????
Bohemia Flag

Flag of Bohemia.

Illyria AH vertical Illyria Hvratsko-srpska koalicija (Croatian-Serbian Coalition) 1905 Stjepan Radić -- Major Opposition Alliance
Illyria

Flag of Illyria.

Croatian-Serbian Coalition Logo (Ilyria)

Logo of the Croatian-Serbian Coalition

Russian RepRussian Republic ???? ???? ???? ???? ????
Russian Rep

Flag of the Russian Republic

ItalyFlagItalian Republic Partito Liberale Italiano (PLI) (Liberal Italian Party) ???? Luigi Einaudi -- Major Opposition Party
Republic of Italy

Flag of the Italian Republic.

German Empire German Empire Nationalliberale Partei (NLP) (National Liberal Party) 1866 Hjalmar Schacht -- Minor Opposition Party
German Empire

Flag of the German Empire

Nationalliberale Partei emblem

Emblem of the NLP.

Finland Finland Kansallinen Edistyspuolue (National Progress Party) 1918 Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg -- Minor Opposition Party
Finland

Flag of the Kingdom of Finland.

National Progress Party (Finland)

Logo of the National Progress Party

Bulgaria Bulgaria Корнитет на Петимата (Petroka) (Committee of Five) 1930 (Formation of the Popular Bloc), 1933 (Creation of the Committee of Five) Dimitar Gichev, Krŭstyo Pastukhov, Nikola Mushanov, Georgi Genov, and Boyan Smilov БЗНС "Врабче 1" (BZNS "Sparrow 1"), 

Широка БРСДП (Broad BRSDP), Демократическа партия (Democratic Party), Радикалдемократическа партия (Radical Democratic Party), Национална либерална партия (National Liberal Party)

Major Opposition Alliance
Bulgaria

Flag of the Tsardom of Bulgaria.

Sardinia Kingdom of Sardinia Alleanza Cristiana (Christian Alliance) ???? ???? -- Minor Opposition Party
Sardinia

Flag of Sardinia.

Ireland Ireland National Development Party 1932 Seán Lemass -- Minor Opposition Party
Ireland

Flag of the Republic of Ireland

Flanders-Wallonia Flanders-Wallonia Liberale Partij/Parti Libéral (Liberal Party) 1846 ???? Algemene Centrale der Liberale Vakbonden van België (ACLVB or CGSLB) (General Confederation of Liberal Trade Unions of Belgium) Medium-sized Opposition Party
Flanders-Wallonia

Flag of Flanders-Wallonia.

Liberal Party (Belgium)

Logo of the Liberal Party

Papal States Papal State Lega Liberale (LL) (Liberal League) ???? ???? -- Medium-sized Opposition Organization
Papal States

Flaf of the Papal States.

Ukraine Flag Ukraine
2560px-Flag of the Ukrainian State

Flag of the Ukranian State.

Denmark Denmark Danmarks Liberale Parti (Venstre) (Denmark's Liberal Part) 1870 (Founded), 1910 (Overhauled) Thomas Madsen-Mygdal Venstre Ungdom (VU) (Left Youth), Danmarks Liberale Studerende (Liberal Students of Denmark) Major opposition party
Denmark

Flag of Denmark.


Flag of Iceland Iceland Sjálfstæðisflokkurinn (The Independence Party) 1929 Freyr Baldursson Ungir sjálfstæðismenn (SUS) (Young Independents) Minor Opposition Party
Flag of Iceland

Flag of Iceland.

Independence Party (Iceland)

Independence Party Logo

KR Lithuania Flag Lithuania Demokratinė tautos laisvės santara (Santara) (Democratic National Freedom League) 1917 ???? -- Minor Opposition Party
KR Lithuania Flag

Flag of Lithuania.

Greece KingdomGreece Φιλελεύθερο Κόμμα (Liberal Party) 1910 Themistoklis Sofoulis -- Medium-sized Opposition Party
Greece Kingdom

Flag of the Kingdom of Greece.

Liberal Party (Greece)

A logo of the FK, depicting one of it's popular leaders: Eleftherios Venizelos

Romania Iron Guard Romania Partidul National-Liberal (PNL) (National Liberal Party) 1875 ???? -- Medium-sized Opposition Party
Romania

Flag of the Kingdom of Romania.

UOB vertical Union of Britain Liberal Party (Samuelites) 1859, 1925 (Creation of the Samuelite faction) Herbert Samuel Welsh Liberals (Defunct), Liberal Party (Constitutionalists) Underground Party
UOB vertical

Flag of the Union of Britain.

SocialistrepublicofItaly Socialist Republic of Italy Partito Liberale Italiano (PLI) (Liberal Italian Party) ???? Innocenzo Fara -- Underground Party
Republic of Italy

Flag of the Italian Republic.

Commune of France flag new Commune of France ???? ???? ???? ???? ????
Commune of France flag new

Flag of the Commune of France.


Kingdom Spain Spain ???? ???? ???? ???? ????
Kingdom Spain

Flag of Spain.

Portugal Portugal União Republicana Nacionalista (Nationalist Republican Union) ???? Antonio Granjo -- Underground Party
Portugal

Flag of Portugal.


Azerbaijan Flag 2 Azerbaijan (Kesbkarliq Party) 1933 Behbud Khan Javanshir -- Medium-sized Coalition Party
Azerbaijan Flag 2

Flag of Azerbaijan.

Georgia flag Georgia Mitsis Mesakutreta Erovnuli Partia (National Landowners Party of Georgia) WIP Grigory Veshapeli Liberal-Conservative Coalition Medium-sized Opposition Party
Georgia flag

Flag of Georgia.

Hungary Flag AH vertical Hungary Nemzeti Munkapárt (National Labor Party) 1910 Aurél Varga -- Major Opposition Party
Hungary Flag

Flag of the Kingdom of Hungary.


Galicia-Lodomeria Flag AH vertical Galicia and Lodomeria ???? ???? ???? ???? ????
Galicia-Lodomeria Flag

Flag of Galicia and Lodomeria.

Asia[]

Country Party Name Founded Leader Affiliated Organization Situation Symbols
Flag of Persia (1910-1925).svgPersia ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????
Ottoman Flag Ottoman Empire Democrat Fırkasi (DF) (Democratic Party) 1929 Kâzım Karabekir -- Major Opposition Party
Ottoman Flag

Flag of the Ottoman Empire.

MOJ flag attempt 1 Ottoman Flag Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem International Council 1920 delegates from the German Empire, United States, British Empire, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire -- Major Coalition Organization
MOJ flag attempt 1

Flag of the Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem


Afghanistan Afghanistan Pro-Western Faction ???? ???? -- Medium-sized Opposition Party
Afghanistan

Flag of Afghanistan.

PhilippinesThe Philipines Republican Party 1905 J. Antonio Araneta -- Major Opposition Party
Philippines

Flag of the Republic of the Philippines.

D of IndiaDominion of India ???? ???? ???? ???? ????
D of India

Flag of the All-Indian Home Rule movement.

Bhartiya Commune Bharatiya Commune ???? ???? ???? ???? ????
Bhartiya Commune

Flag of the Bharatiya Commune.

Princely Federation Princely Federation ???? ???? ???? ???? ????
Princely Federation

Flag of the Princely Federation.


Alash Autonomy Flag Russian RepAlash Autonomy ???? ???? ???? ???? ????
Alash Autonomy Flag

Flag of the Alash Autonomy.


Madras ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? --
Qing Flag Qing Empire 繁榮聯盟 (Prosperity League) (?) Huang Boqiao Aufsichtsrat der Ostasiatischen Generalverwaltung (AOG, Supervisory Board of the East Asian General Administration) Major Non-Partisan Party
Qing Flag

Flag of the Qing Empire.

Japan FlagEmpire of Japan Rikken Minseitō (Constitutional Democratic Party) 1927 ???? -- Major Opposition Party
Japan Naval Ensign

Naval Ensign and unofficial National Flag of the Empire of Japan.

Burma Republic of Burma Independent Party 1922 (Creation of "The Progressives" Political Club), 1925 (Formation of the party) Joseph Augustus Maung Gyi -- Minor Opposition Party
Burma

Flag of Burma.

Siam Siam พรรคเสรีนิยม (Liberal Party) ???? ???? -- Underground Party
Siam

Flag of Siam.

Yunnan Qing Flag Yunnan Clique 西南實業系(Southwest Industrial Group) (?) Miao Yuntai -- Minor Coalition Organization
Yunnan

Flag of the Yunnan Clique.

Xinjiang flag Qing Flag Xinjiang Clique 民主聯盟 (Democratic League) (?) -- -- Underground Party
Sichuan Qing Flag Sichuan Clique 保定係 (Baoding Department) 1921 (unofficial founding) Liu Wenhui 實業團 (Industrial Corps)

保定陸軍軍官學校 (Baoding Military Academy)

Medium-sized Coalition Organization
Sichuan

Flag of the Sichuan Clique.


Shandong Qing Flag Shandong Clique 一心天道龍華聖教會 (Dragon Flower Society Heavenly Way) 1913 Ma Shiwei -- Marginal Opposition Organization
Shandong

Flag of the Shandong Clique.

Dragon Flower Society Heavenly Way

Logo of the Dragon Flower Society Heavenly Way


Shanxiflag Qing Flag Shanxi Clique 韓復榘派 (Han Fuju Clique) 1924 (Formation of Guominjun)

1927 (Aftermath of the Northern Expedition)

Han Fuju 國民軍 (Guominjun) Minor Opposition Organization
Shanxiflag

Flag of the Shanxi Clique.


Ma Clique Qing Flag Ma Clique 西北民主自治聯盟 (Northwest Democratic Autonomy League) (?) -- -- Underground Party
Kumul Khanate Qing Flag Kumul Khanate 哈密廢奴派 (Kumul Abolitionists) (?) -- -- Minor Opposition Organization
Qing Flag

Flag of the Qing Empire.

Flag of the League of Eight Provinces Qing Flag League of Eight Provinces Aufsichtsrat der Ostasiatischen Generalverwaltung (AOG, Supervisory Board of the East Asian General Administration) 1927 (GEAS)

1932 (AOG)

Board of Directors Shandong Railway Company

Krupp East Asia

German-Asian Bank

Hamburg America Line

Major Coalition Organization
Flag of the League of Eight Provinces

Flag of the League of Eight Provinces.

AOG Flag 2

Flag of the AOG


Legation Cities Qing Flag Legation Cities The American Chamber of Commerce in the International Mandate (AmCham Shanghai) 1928 Nelson T. Johnson -- Ruling Party
Legation Cities

Flag of the Legation Cities.


Tibet Tibet ཨཱུནིཨོན་ ཨོཕ༹་ ཇོཡ་

(Union of Happiness)

1933 Tsipön Lungshar -- Underground Party
Tibet

Flag of Tibet.

New Mongolian Flag Mongolia зах зээлийн нам (Zakn Zeelin Nam) (Market Party) 1920s Dambyn Chagdarjav -- Underground Party
New Mongolian Flag

Flag of Mongolia.


Fengtian Fengtian Government 協和會 (Concordia Association) 1932 Ruan Zhenduo

Yang Yuting

Mantentsu Major Coalition Organization
Fengtian

Flag of the Fengtian Government.

Flag Concordia Association

Flag of the Concordia Association.


Transamur Flag Transamur ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????
Ostasien Flag German East Asia Nationalliberale Partei (NLP) (National Liberal Party) 1866 Friedrich Weiß -- Medium-sized Opposition Party
German Empire

Flag of the German Empire

Nationalliberale Partei emblem

Emblem of the NLP

Bukhara Flag Bukhara ???? ???? ???? ???? ????
Bukhara Flag

Flag of the Emirate of Bukhara.

Najd Emirate of Nejd and Hasa حزب حرة العرب (Arab Free Party) ???? ???? -- Marginal Opposition Party
Najd

Flag of Nejd and Hasa.


Yemen Ottoman Flag Yemeni Imamate ???? ???? ???? ???? ????
Yemen

Flag of Yemen.


Oman Ottoman FlagSultanate of Muscat and Oman ???? ???? ???? ???? ????
Oman

Flag of Muscat.


Turkestan FlagTurkestan Republic ???? ???? ???? ???? ????
Turkestan Flag

Flag of the Turkestan Republic.


Nepal flag Nepal (Rastriya Praja Party) ???? M. P. Koirala -- Medium-sized Opposition Party
Nepal flag

Flag of Nepal.


Bhutan Updated Buhtan Druk Gyalpo (Radicals) ???? Bal Bahadur Basnet -- Medium-sized Opposition Organization
Bhutan Updated

Kiva Flag Khiva ???? ???? ???? ???? ????
Kiva Flag

Flag of Kiva.


Oceania and Pacific[]

Country Party Name Founded Leader Affiliated Organization Situation Symbols
Flag Of Australasian Confederation United Kingdom Australasian Confederation Australian Country Party (ACP) 1920 ???? -- Major Opposition Party
Australasiaflag

Civil Ensign and unofficial National Flag of the Australasian Confederation.

Dutch East Indies Dutch East Indies Liberale Staatspartij (Liberal State Party) 1921 ???? -- Minor Opposition Party
Netherlands Flag

Flag of the Netherlands.

Dutch East Indies

Flag of the Dutch East Indies Colony.

Liberal State Party Logo (Netherlands)

Logo of the Liberal State Party

Symbols[]

Capitalism symbol

The dollar sign is colloquially associated with 'capitalism' particularly in the United States.


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